Start with both sides
Photograph the obverse, reverse, and edge in soft, even light. Keep the coin flat, fill the frame, and preserve every inscription. The U.S. Mint calls the front the obverse, the back the reverse, and the outside border the edge.
Record the identifying clues
- Country or issuing authority
- Denomination and date
- Every letter, symbol, and portrait
- Mint mark and where it appears
- Diameter, weight, edge style, and likely metal
Do not test metal with acids, scratching, or polishing. A scale and plastic ruler can provide useful measurements without damaging the coin.
Match, then verify
Compare all recorded details with a reputable catalog or reference. Check that the date, design, mint mark position, size, weight, and edge agree. If one detail conflicts, keep researching.
Coin AI can suggest an identification from photos, but a scan is an estimate. Unusual, altered, counterfeit, or valuable coins deserve an in-person opinion from a reputable dealer or grading service.